Which process produces two identical diploid daughter cells?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Fertilization
• C. Mitosis
• D. Apoptosis

Answer: (C)

Mitosis is the process that divides a somatic cell to form two daughter cells that are genetically identical and maintain the same chromosome number as the original cell. Before division, the cell copies its DNA so each chromosome has a sister chromatid. During mitosis, these sister chromatids separate and are distributed into two new nuclei, and cytokinesis splits the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate cells. Because the chromosome number is not reduced, each daughter cell remains diploid, carrying an exact, or nearly exact, copy of the parent’s genetic material. This makes mitosis ideal for growth, tissue repair, and general cell maintenance.

Meiosis, in contrast, halves the chromosome number and produces four genetically diverse gametes. Fertilization is the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote. Apoptosis is programmed cell death.