Enterotoxemia in sheep is most commonly associated with which behavior?

• A. Overeating
• B. Underfeeding
• C. Chronic coughing
• D. Rough handling

Answer: (A)

Overeating is the main risk factor because enterotoxemia in sheep arises when a rapid, high-energy intake allows Clostridium perfringens to overgrow in the gut and produce potent toxins, especially epsilon toxin. A diet rich in grain or suddenly lush pasture after a period of scarcity creates an environment where these bacteria multiply quickly, release toxins, and cause acute damage to the intestines and blood vessels, leading to sudden illness or death. This disease is often called overeating disease for that very reason.

Underfeeding, chronic coughing, and rough handling don’t create the toxin-driven gut disruption that triggers enterotoxemia, so they aren’t the typical behaviors associated with this condition. Prevention centers on gradual diet changes, avoiding large increases in carbohydrate intake, and vaccinating against clostridial toxins.